AUKUS is a strategic security partnership between Australia, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US), announced on 15 September 2021. It is primarily aimed at promoting security and stability in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly in response to the growing influence of China.
Key Elements of AUKUS:
1. Nuclear-Powered Submarines
- The central feature of AUKUS is helping Australia acquire nuclear-powered submarines.
- These submarines will be conventionally armed (i.e., not nuclear-armed) but will have nuclear propulsion, giving them greater range, stealth, and endurance than conventional submarines.
- The plan includes:
- Training Australian personnel in US and UK submarine programs.
- The “SSN-AUKUS” design — a new class of submarines built by the UK and Australia, incorporating US technology.
- Delivery of US Virginia-class submarines to Australia in the 2030s as an interim capability.
2. Advanced Technologies
Beyond submarines, AUKUS includes cooperation in cutting-edge military and cyber technologies, including:
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- Quantum technologies
- Cybersecurity
- Undersea capabilities
- Hypersonic weapons
- Electronic warfare
3. Strategic Goals
- Counterbalance China’s military expansion and influence in the Indo-Pacific.
- Deepen defense and intelligence cooperation between three of the “Five Eyes” intelligence-sharing nations.
- Strengthen deterrence and bolster collective security in the region.
Controversies and Reactions:
France:
- France was furious over AUKUS because it led to the cancellation of a $90 billion submarine deal between Australia and a French company (Naval Group).
- Paris recalled its ambassadors to the US and Australia temporarily in protest.
China:
- China has strongly criticized AUKUS, calling it a threat to regional peace and a step toward a Cold War mentality.
ASEAN Nations:
- Mixed reactions: some are concerned it may fuel regional tensions or an arms race; others see it as a counterweight to China.
Summary:
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Members | Australia, UK, US |
| Main Focus | Indo-Pacific security |
| Key Capability | Nuclear-powered submarines for Australia |
| Other Cooperation | AI, cyber, hypersonics, undersea, quantum |
| Targeted Challenge | China’s growing influence |
| Announced | September 2021 |
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